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Veterinary science

Veterinary medicine is the application of medical diagnostic and therapeutic
principles to companion, domestic, exotic, and wildlife animals.

Veterinary medicine is informally as old as the human animal bond but in
recent years has expanded exponentially because of the availability of
advanced diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for most species. While
large-animal veterinary medicine still focuses predominantly on safeguarding
and supporting the food supply, small-animal and exotic medicine are
increasingly similar to human medicine. Small animals (particularly cats and
dogs) have become integrated into families and are often recipients of
advanced medical care including hip replacements, cataract surgeries, and
pacemakers.

In many countries, equine veterinary medicine is also a specialized field.
Clinical work with horses involves mainly locomotory and orthopaedic
problems, digestive tract conditions (including equine colic, which is a
major cause of death among domesticated horses), and respiratory tract
infections and disorders.

Education in Veterinary Medicine

Many universities worldwide confer undergraduate degrees in veterinary
medicine. In most countries, veterinary practitioners are regulated and
registered on a national or state level. While the duration and exact
content of undergraduate degrees in veterinary medicine varies, they are
typically from 4 to 7 years in duration. They consist of several
introductory years which may include some "pre-vet" or general scientific
training. These pre-clinical years provide a basis in veterinary anatomy,
physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, pathology, parasitology, and other
important subject areas. The final years of most veterinary medicine degrees
consist of a greater proportion of practical clinical work, in which
students are guided to apply the theory they have learnt in a supervised environment.

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