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Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology is the branch of Medicine / Surgery which deals with the
diseases of the eye and their treatment. Ophthalmologists are trained after
a basic medical degree. In US, a residency (M.D.) and board certification is
necessary for licensing to practice Ophthalmology. In India, either
M.D./M.S./D.O.M.S/D.N.B. in Ophthalmology is necessary before one can
expertly deal with various problems of the eye. In U.K., MRCOpth, FRCOpth,
MRCSEd, FRCSEd lead to specialisation in eye diseases. Further fellowships
are available as Ophthalmology currently encompasses myriad sub-specialities
which deal either with certain diseases or diseases of certain part of the
eye. Some of them are:

   * Cornea and Ocular surface
   * Glaucoma
   * Lens
   * Blindness
   * Surgery
   * Retina and Vitreous
   * Uvea
   * Strabismus (Squint),
   * Paediatric Ophthalmology
   * Ophthalmoplasty
   * Eye Trauma

Cataract surgery is a major sight-giving operation that eye surgeons perform
by removal of the opaque human lens and replacement with an artificial
Intraocular lens implant.

Phacoemulsification is keyhole surgery with emulsification and aspiration of
cataract through a 2.8-3 mm incision and placement of a foldable intraocular
lens through the same unenlarged incision. This gives faster rehabilitation
and excellent results in trained hands.

LASIK (Laser assisted-in-situ keratomilieusis) is a type of refractive
surgery whereby an excimer laser (193 nm) is used to remodel the corneal
stroma after lifting a partial thickness corneal flap made by a
microkeratome. Excimer laser ablates tissue without causing damage to
adjacent stroma in a finely controlled manner. Major research is underway to
improve the results and predictability of refractive surgery.

Ophthalmology should not be confused with optometry (the measurement of the
optical aspects of the eye) or the oculist craft (the creation of corrective lenses.)

Regular examination of the eyes is highly important in ensuring the
preservation of sight.

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