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Health science

Health science is a medical discipline of applied science which deals with
human or animal health. There are two parts to health science: the study,
research, and knowledge of health and the application of that knowledge to
improve health, cure infectious diseases, and to understand how humans and
animals function. Health science research builds on the pure sciences of
biology, chemistry, and physics and also social sciences (for example
medical sociology).

There are a wide range of traditional areas of health science. The most
common areas are: medicine, nursing, midwifery, and various forms of therapy
to supplement the healing process and restore proper activity (e.g.
recreational, physical occupational, speech, and respiratory). Health
science includes both the study and application of preventing and curing
human diseases and disorders. Medical doctors include physicians and
surgeons. There are many different branches of medicine; the other health
care professions also have specialties or focus on specific populations or
settings of care. Other less common medical areas include first aid and
triage.

Dental health has grown in importance in recent decades making dentistry a
major field of health sciences. Counselling, hospice care, home care,
nutrition, medical social work, alternative medicine, pharmacology, and
toxicology are all considered part of health science. Veterinary science is
the health science dedicated exclusively to the care of animals.

Because health science deals with human life, issues of medical ethics, an
important area of ethics, arise frequently. Medical ethics includes
questions on topics such as a patient's right to privacy. Euthanasia,
abortion, human cloning and genetic engineering are especially controversial
issues directly related to health science.

Health science fields are as old as the human race. Humans have always been
in need of solutions to various health related issues, such as childbirth.
With modern technology and the backing of the pure sciences, the scientific
accuracy of these fields has greatly improved. Nevertheless, many cultures
have and continue to use various herbs and other culturally specific
solutions to help solve health problems. These solutions may or may not be
backed by any scientific support.

There are a large number of health professions. The terms medicine and
medical doctor or M.D. refer to allopathic medicine.

Health Professions

   * Allopathic medicine
   * Alexander Technique
   * Chiropractic medicine
   * Dentistry
   * Genetic counseling
   * Homeopathy
   * Medical illustration
   * Naturopathic medicine
   * Nursing
   * Nutrition
   * Occupational therapy
   * Osteopathic medicine
   * Pharmacology
   * Physical therapy
   * Physician assistant
   * Podiatry
   * Psychoanalysis
   * Public health
   * Physical Educators
   * Social work
   * Veterinary medicine

Spiritually based healing:

   * Christian Science
   * Faith healing
   * Shamanism
   * Johrei

Traditional and ethnic traditions:

   * Ayurvedic medicine
   * Chinese medicine
        o Acupuncture
   * Native American traditional healing

Certain "Health Professions" are of historical interest:

   * Magnetic healing
   * Mesmerism
   * Phrenonolgy

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