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Dentistry

Dentistry is the practice of dental science. In most countries, to become a
qualified dentist, one needs several years of training in a university
(usually 4-5) and some practical experience working with actual patients' dentition.

In Australia, graduating dentists have either a B.D.S. (Bachelor of Dental
Surgery) or B.D.Sc degree (Bachelor of Dental Science).

Specialties in dentistry such as orthodontics (straightening of teeth), oral
and maxillofacial surgery, pedodontics (treatment for children),
periodontics (treatment of gum disease), prosthodontics (replacement of
missing teeth by prosthesis such as dentures, bridges and dental implants),
conservative dentistry (restoration of existing teeth), endodontics (root
canal therapy), dental public health (study of dental epidemiology and
social health policies), forensic odontology (gathering and use of dental
evidence in law), oral radiology and oral pathology (study of oral and
dentally related diseases) would require usually between 2-3 years of
further formal university training. Specialists in these fields might be
designated registrable and can sometimes lay claim to exclusive titles such
as orthodontist, oral surgeon, pedodontist, periodontist, prosthodontist
upon satisfying certain local registry requirements.

Other dental "specialties" exists where no post-graduate formal university
training are required : cosmetic dentistry, dental implant,
temperal-mandibular joint therapy. These usually require the attendance of
one or more "hotel courses" that typically last for one to several days.
There is usually no restriction for these dentists to call themselves
specialists in these fields when the "specialist" titles are not restrictive
and registrable titles controlled by the local dental licensing bodies.

Dentistry in Canada

Canadian dentistry is overseen by the Royal College of Dentists. Today
Canada has about 16 000 dentists, the vast majority of which are men.
Canadian dentistry is not publicly run (see Medicare (Canada)); only
children and the elderly can have free dental care. Other Canadians are
mostly covered by workplace dental plans, but many have to pay out of pocket.

History

For most of the early colonial period dentistry was a rare and unusual
practice in Canada. In severe situations barbers or blacksmith would pull a
tooth, but for many years Canada lagged behind European advances. The first
dentists in Canada were United Empire Loyalists who fled the American
Revolution. The first recorded dentist in Canada was a Mr. Hume who
advertised in a Halifax newspaper in 1814.

Druing the first half of the 19th century dentistry expanded rapidly. In
1867 the Ontario Dental Association was formed and in 1868 they founded
Canada's first dental school in Toronto, the Royal College of Dental
Surgeons of Ontario. Originally not considered a true science the University
of Toronto agreed to be affiliated with the dental school. As time passed
other Canadian universities also created dentistry programmes.

Canadian Dentistry Schools

   * University of Toronto (1868)
   * McGill University (1905)
   * Universitˇ de Montrˇal (1905)
   * Dalhousie University (1908)
   * University of Alberta (1923)
   * University of Manitoba (1958)
   * University of British Columbia (1964)
   * University of Western Ontario (1966)
   * University of Saskatchewan (1968)
   * Laval University - (1971)

Dentistry in Hong Kong

The longest record for such ongoing and routine training and qualifying
requirement for dental specialties in the world exists in Hong Kong where 6
years of pre-specialty, formal training and supervised practice are
prescribed. It is uncertain if trainees there are more intellectually
challenged than those in, say, North America, Australia or the United
Kingdom where the specialty route would only take 2-3 years. It is accepted
that only after 6 years of such training would the trainees achieve an
equivalent level of professional competence to that attained by their
counterparts in the western world.

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