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Anatomy

Anatomy (from the Greek anatome, from ana-temnein, to cut up), is the branch
of biology that deals with the structure and organization of living things;
thus there is animal anatomy (zootomy) and vegetable anatomy (phytotomy).
The major branches of anatomy include comparative anatomy and human anatomy.

Animal anatomy may include the study of the structure of different animals,
when it is called comparative anatomy or animal morphology, or it may be
limited to one animal only, in which case it is spoken of as special anatomy.

From a utilitarian point of view the study of Man is the most important
division of special anatomy, and this human anatomy may be approached from
different points of view. From that of the medical man it consists of a
knowledge of the exact form, position, size and relationship of the various
structures of the human body in health, and to this study the term
descriptive or topographical human anatomy is given, though it is often,
less happily, spoken of as Anthropotomy.

An accurate knowledge of all the details of the human body takes years of
patient observation to gain and is possessed by only a few. So intricate is
man's body that only a small number of professional human anatomists are
complete masters of all its details, and most of them specialize on certain
parts, such as the brain, viscera, &c.; contenting themselves with a good
working knowledge of the rest. Topographical anatomy must be learned by each
person for himself by the repeated dissection and inspection of the dead
human body. It is no more a science than a pilot's knowledge is, and, like
that knowledge, must be exact and available in moments of emergency.

From the morphological point of view, however, human anatomy is a scientific
and fascinating study, having for its object the discovery of the causes
which have brought about the existing structure of Man, and needing a
knowledge of the allied sciences of embryology or ontogeny, phylogeny, and histology.

Pathological anatomy (or morbid anatomy) is the study of diseased organs,
while sections of normal anatomy, applied to various purposes, receive
special names such as medical, surgical, gynaecological, artistic and
superficial anatomy. The comparison of the anatomy of different races of
mankind is part of the science of physical anthropology or anthropological
anatomy. In the present edition of this work the subject of anatomy is
treated systematically rather than topographically. Each anatomical article
contains first a description of the structures of an organ or system (such
as nerves, arteries, heart, &c.), as itis found in Man; and this is followed
by an account of the development or embryology and comparative anatomy or
morphology, as far as vertebrate animals are concerned; but only those parts
of the lower animals which are of interest in explaining Man's structure are
here dealt with. The articles have a twofold purpose; first, to give enough
details of man's structure to make the articles on physiology, surgery,
medicine and pathology intelligible; and, secondly, to give the non-expert
inquirer, or the worker in some other branch of science, the chief theories
on which the modern scientific groundwork of anatomy is built.

   * Systems in the (human) body:
        o integumentary system
        o muscular system
        o nervous system
        o reproductive system
        o respiratory system
        o excretory system
        o circulatory system
        o skeletal system (Human skeleton)
        o endocrine system
        o digestive system

   * Organs in the (human) body:
        o anus
        o appendix
        o brain
        o breast
        o colon or large intestine
        o diaphragm
        o ear
        o eye
        o heart
        o kidney
        o labia
        o larynx
        o liver
        o lung
        o nose
        o ovary
        o pharynx
        o pancreas
        o penis
        o placenta
        o rectum
        o skin
        o small intestine
        o spleen
        o stomach
        o tongue
        o uterus

   * Bones in the human skeleton:
        o collar bone (clavicle)
        o thigh bone (femur)
        o humerus
        o mandible
        o patella
        o radius
        o skull
        o tibia
        o ulna
        o rib
        o vertebrae

   * Glands in the (human) body:
        o ductless gland
        o mammary gland
        o salivary gland
        o thyroid gland
        o parathyroid gland
        o adrenal gland
        o pituitary gland

   * Tissues in the (human) body:
        o connective tissue
        o endothelial tissue
        o epithelial tissue
        o glandular tissue

   * The externally visible parts of the (human) body:
        o abdomen
        o arm
        o back
        o butt
        o chest
        o ear
        o eye
        o face
        o genitals
        o joint
        o leg
        o mouth
        o neck
        o scalp
        o skin
        o teeth
        o tongue

   * Other anatomic terms (not classified):
        o artery
        o coelom
        o diaphragm
        o gastrointestinal tract
        o hair
        o exoskeleton
        o lip
        o nerve
        o peritoneum
        o serous membrane
        o skeleton
        o skull
        o spinal cord
        o vein

There is a historical type of English poetry called an anatomy, or more
precisely an amatory anatomy. It is a love sonnet dedicated to describing
the parts of a lover's anatomy, usually female.

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