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United States Secretary of State




The United States Secretary of State is the head of the United States
Department of State, concerned with foreign affairs. The Secretary is a
member of the President's Cabinet.

Congress created the position of Secretary of State on July 27, 1789 (1
Stat. 28), as the principal officer of the Department of Foreign Affairs
(later renamed Department of State). The Secretary was to perform such
duties as the President required, in accordance with the United States
Constitution, relating to correspondence, commission, or instructions to
U.S. ministers or consuls abroad, and to conduct negotiations with foreign
representatives. The Secretary has also served as principal adviser to the
President in the determination and execution of U.S. foreign policy and in
recent decades has become responsible for overall direction, coordination,
and supervision of interdepartmental activities of the U.S. Government
overseas, except for certain military activities.

As the highest ranking Cabinet member, the Secretary of State is fourth in
line to succeed the Presidency, after the Vice President, Speaker of the
House of Representatives, and President pro tempore of the Senate. (See the
entire United States Presidential line of succession).

                            Secretaries of State

           Name              Term of Office      President(s) served under

 Thomas Jefferson        March 22, 1790 -        George Washington
                         December 31, 1793

 Edmund Randolph         January 2, 1794 -       George Washington
                         August 20, 1795

 Timothy Pickering       December 10, 1795 - May George Washington, John
                         12, 1800                Adams

 John Marshall           June 6, 1800 - February John Adams
                         4, 1801

 James Madison           May 2, 1801 - March 3,  Thomas Jefferson
                         1809

 Robert Smith            March 6, 1809 - April   James Madison
                         1, 1811
                         April 6, 1811 -
 James Monroe            September 30, 1814      James Madison
                         February 28, 1815 -
                         March 3, 1817

 John Quincy Adams       September 22, 1817 -    James Monroe
                         March 3, 1825

 Henry Clay              March 7, 1825 - March   John Quincy Adams
                         3, 1829

 Martin Van Buren        March 28, 1829 - March  Andrew Jackson
                         23, 1831

 Edward Livingston       May 24, 1831 - May 29,  Andrew Jackson
                         1833

 Louis McLane            May 29, 1833 - June 30, Andrew Jackson
                         1834

 John Forsyth            July 1, 1834 - March 3, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van
                         1841                    Buren

 Daniel Webster          March 6, 1841 - May 8,  William Henry Harrison,
                         1843                    John Tyler

 Abel P. Upshur          July 24, 1843 -         John Tyler
                         February 28, 1844

 John C. Calhoun         April 1, 1844 - March   John Tyler, James K. Polk
                         10, 1845

 James Buchanan          March 10, 1845 - March  James K. Polk, Zachary
                         7, 1849                 Taylor

 John Clayton            March 8, 1849 - July    Zachary Taylor, Millard
                         22, 1850                Fillmore

 Daniel Webster          July 23, 1850 - October Millard Fillmore
                         24, 1852

 Edward Everett          November 6, 1852 -      Millard Fillmore
                         March 3, 1853

 William L. Marcy        March 8, 1853 - March   Franklin Pierce, James
                         6, 1857                 Buchanan

 Lewis Cass              March 6, 1857 -         James Buchanan
                         December 14, 1860

 Jeremiah S. Black       December 17, 1860 -     James Buchanan, Abraham
                         March 5, 1861           Lincoln

 William H. Seward       March 6, 1861 - March   Abraham Lincoln, Andrew
                         4, 1869                 Johnson

 Elihu P. Washburne      March 5, 1869 - March   Ulysses S. Grant
                         16, 1869

 Hamilton Fish           March 17, 1869 - March  Ulysses S. Grant,
                         12, 1877                Rutherford B. Hayes

 William M. Evarts       March 12, 1877 - March  Rutherford B. Hayes, James
                         7, 1881                 Garfield

 James G. Blaine         March 7, 1881 -         James Garfield, Chester A.
                         December 19, 1881       Arthur
 Frederick T.            December 19, 1881 -     Chester A. Arthur, Grover
 Frelinghuysen           March 6, 1885           Cleveland

 Thomas F. Bayard        March 7, 1885 - March   Grover Cleveland, Benjamin
                         6, 1889                 Harrison

 James G. Blaine         March 7, 1889 - June 4, Benjamin Harrison
                         1892

 John W. Foster          June 29, 1892 -         Benjamin Harrison
                         February 23, 1893

 Walter Q. Gresham       March 7, 1893 - May 28, Grover Cleveland
                         1895

 Richard Olney           June 10, 1895 - March   Grover Cleveland, William
                         5, 1897                 McKinley

 John Sherman            March 6, 1897 - April   William McKinley
                         27, 1898

 William R. Day          April 28, 1898 -        William McKinley
                         September 16, 1898

 John Hay                September 30, 1898 -    William McKinley, Theodore
                         July 1, 1905            Roosevelt

 Elihu Root              July 19, 1905 - January Theodore Roosevelt
                         27, 1909

 Robert Bacon            January 27, 1909 -      Theodore Roosevelt,
                         March 5, 1909           William Howard Taft

 Philander C. Knox       March 6, 1909 - March   William Howard Taft,
                         5, 1913                 Woodrow Wilson

 William Jennings Bryan  March 5, 1913 - June 9, Woodrow Wilson
                         1915

 Robert Lansing          June 24, 1915 -         Woodrow Wilson
                         February 13, 1920

 Bainbridge Colby        March 23, 1920 - March  Woodrow Wilson
                         4, 1921

 Charles Evans Hughes    March 5, 1921 - March   Warren G. Harding, Calvin
                         4, 1925                 Coolidge

 Frank B. Kellogg        March 5, 1925 - March   Calvin Coolidge, Herbert
                         28, 1929                Hoover

 Henry L. Stimson        March 28, 1929 - March  Herbert Hoover
                         4, 1933

 Cordell Hull            March 4, 1933 -         Franklin D. Roosevelt
                         November 30, 1944

 E. R. Stettinius, Jr.   December 1, 1944 - June Franklin D. Roosevelt,
                         27, 1945                Harry S. Truman

 James F. Byrnes         July 3, 1945 - January  Harry S. Truman
                         21, 1947

 George C. Marshall      January 21, 1947 -      Harry S. Truman
                         January 20, 1949

 Dean Acheson            January 21, 1949 -      Harry S. Truman
                         January 20, 1953

 John Foster Dulles      January 21, 1953 -      Dwight D. Eisenhower
                         April 22, 1959

 Christian Herter        April 22, 1959 -        Dwight D. Eisenhower
                         January 20, 1961

 Dean Rusk               January 21, 1961 -      John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B.
                         January 20, 1969        Johnson

 William P. Rogers       January 22, 1969 -      Richard M. Nixon
                         September 3, 1973

 Henry A. Kissinger      September 22, 1973 -    Richard M. Nixon, Gerald
                         January 20, 1977        R. Ford

 Cyrus Vance             January 23, 1977 -      Jimmy Carter
                         April 28, 1980

 Edmund S. Muskie        May 8, 1980 - January   Jimmy Carter
                         18, 1981

 Alexander M. Haig, Jr.  January 22, 1981 - July Ronald Reagan
                         5, 1982

 George P. Shultz        July 16, 1982 - January Ronald Reagan
                         20, 1989

 James Baker             January 25, 1989 -      George H. W. Bush
                         August 23, 1992

 Lawrence Eagleburger    December 8, 1992 -      George H. W. Bush
                         January 19, 1993

 Warren Christopher      January 20, 1993 -      Bill Clinton
                         January 17, 1997

 Madeleine Albright      January 23, 1997 -      Bill Clinton
                         January 19, 2001

 Colin Powell            January 20, 2001 -      George W. Bush
                         present

If the Secretary resigns, he is replaced by the United States Deputy
Secretary of State who then becomes acting Secretary of State until the
President and Congress approve a formal replacement.

                     Acting Secretaries of State

          Name              Year               Acted from
 John Jay                1790      March 4-22
 Timothy Pickering       1795      August 20 to December 9

 Charles Lee             1800      May 13 to June 5
 John Marshall           1801      February 4 to March 4
 Levi Lincoln            1801      March 5 to May 1
 John Graham             1817      March 4-9
 Richard Rush            1817      March 10 to September 22
 Daniel Brent            1825      March 4-7
 James A. Hamilton       1829      March 4-27
 Jacob L. Martin         1841      March 4-5
 Hugh S.LegarŽ           1843      May 9 to June 20
 William S. Derrick      1843      June 21-23
 Abel P. Upshur          1843      June 24 to July 23
 John Nelson             1844      February 29 to March 31,
 Charles M. Conrad       1852      October 25 to November 5
 William Hunter          1853, 1860March 4-7, December 15-16
 William F. Wharton      1892, 1893June 4-29, February 24 to March 6
 Edwin F. Uhl            1895      May 28 to June 9
 Alvey A. Adee           1898      September 17-29
 Francis B. Loomis       1905      July 1-18
 Robert Lansing          1915      June 9-23
 Frank L. Polk           1920      February 14 to March 12
 Joseph C. Crew          1945      June 28 to July 3
 H. Freeman Matthews     1953      January 20-21
 Livingston T. Merchant  1961      January 20-21
 Charles E. Bohlen       1969      January 20-22
 Kenneth Rush            1973      September 3-22
 Philip C. Habib         1977      January 20-23
 Warren Christopher      1980, 1980April 28 to May 2, May 4-8
 David Newsom            1980      May 2-3, May 3-4
 Richard N. Cooper       1980      May 3
 Walter J. Stoessel, Jr. 1982      July 5-16
 Michael H. Armacost     1989      January 20-25
 Lawrence Eagleburger    1992      August 23, to December 8
 Arnold Lee Kantor       1993      January 20
 Frank G. Wisner         1993      January 20

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